高糖对THP-1巨噬细胞ABC转运体的表达和功能的影响

目的:探讨高糖对体外培养的THP-1巨噬细胞中三磷酸腺苷结合盒（ABC）转运体的表达及功能的影响。方法: 以不同浓度的D-葡萄糖干预培养的THP-1单核巨噬细胞5 d,用实时定量PCR和Western blot检测巨噬细胞中ABCG1、ABCA1 mRNA和其蛋白的表达。用酶荧光化学法检测培养基中及细胞内胆固醇的含量。结果: 高糖可抑制巨噬细胞中ABCG1的表达,但是对ABCA1的表达影响不明显。随着D-葡萄糖浓度的增加,从巨噬细胞中流出的胆固醇量减少,同时细胞内胆固醇的含量增加。结论: 高糖可抑制巨噬细胞中ABCG1的表达及功能,有助于促进巨噬细胞内脂质堆积。     

宁夏回族脑梗死患者三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运子基因R219K多态性与血脂的关系

目的探讨宁夏回族脑梗死患者ATP结合盒转运子(ABCA1)基因R219K多态性与血脂的关系。方法连续入选住院的回族脑梗死患者105例为脑梗死组,同期入选我院门诊回族健康体验者257例为对照组。检测血脂等生化指标,用PCR-RFLP方法测基因R219K多态性,分析其与血脂的关系。结果脑梗死组和对照组RR、RK基因型及R和K等位基因频率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。脑梗死组KK基因型较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(11.4%vs 26.8%,P<0.01)。各基因型血脂水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 KK基因型可能是回族脑梗死患者的保护因素,其保护因素可能与血脂水平无关。     

Role of human nucleoside transporters in pancreatic cancer and chemoresistance

The prognosis of pancreatic cancer is poor with the overall 5-year survival rate of less than 5% changing minimally over the past decades and future projections predicting it developing into the second leading cause of cancer related mortality within the next decade. Investigations into the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer development, progression and acquired chemoresistance have been constant for the past few decades, thus resulting in the identification of human nucleoside transporters and factors affecting cytotoxic uptake via said transporters. This review summaries the aberrant expression and role of human nucleoside transports in pancreatic cancer, more specifically human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1/2 (hENT1, hENT2), and human concentrative nucleoside transporter 1/3 (hCNT1, hCNT3), while briefly discussing the connection and importance between these nucleoside transporters and mucins that have also been identified as being aberrantly expressed in pancreatic cancer. The review also discusses the incidence, current diagnostic techniques as well as the current therapeutic treatments for pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we address the importance of chemoresistance in nucleoside analogue drugs, in particular, gemcitabine and we discuss prospective therapeutic treatments and strategies for overcoming acquired chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer by the enhancement of human nucleoside transporters as well as the potential targeting of mucins using a combination of mucolytic compounds with cytotoxic agents.     

Do sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors increase plasma glucagon by direct actions on the alpha cell? And does the increase matter for the associated increase in endogenous glucose production?

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) lower blood glucose and are used for treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, SGLT2is have been associated with increases in endogenous glucose production (EGP) by mechanisms that have been proposed to result from SGLT2i-mediated increases in circulating glucagon concentrations, but the relative importance of this effect is debated, and mechanisms possibly coupling SGLT2is to increased plasma glucagon are unclear. A direct effect on alpha-cell activity has been proposed, but data on alpha-cell SGLT2 expression are inconsistent, and studies investigating the direct effects of SGLT2 inhibition on glucagon secretion are conflicting. By contrast, alpha-cell sodium-glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT1) expression has been found more consistently and appears to be more prominent, pointing to an underappreciated role for this transporter. Nevertheless, the selectivity of most SGLT2is does not support interference with SGLT1 during therapy. Paracrine effects mediated by secretion of glucagonotropic/static molecules from beta and/or delta cells have also been suggested to be involved in SGLT2i-induced increase in plasma glucagon, but studies are few and arrive at different conclusions. It is also possible that the effect on glucagon is secondary to drug-induced increases in urinary glucose excretion and lowering of blood glucose, as shown in experiments with glucose clamping where SGLT2i-associated increases in plasma glucagon are prevented. However, regardless of the mechanisms involved, the current balance of evidence does not support that SGLT2 plays a crucial role for alpha-cell physiology or that SGLT2i-induced glucagon secretion is important for the associated increased EGP, particularly because the increase in EGP occurs before any rise in plasma glucagon.     

谷氨酸／天冬氨酸转运体抗体对豚鼠听性脑干反应及毛细胞形态的影响

目的 研究谷氨酸/天冬氨酸转运体(glutamate--aspartate transporter,GLAST)抗体对豚鼠耳蜗听性脑干反应(ABR)和耳蜗毛细胞形态的影响.方法 健康豚鼠20只随机分为实验组和对照组,每组10只.实验组耳蜗鼓阶内灌注GLAST抗体,对照组灌注人工外淋巴液,观察两组术后3、6、9天ABR反应阈、耳蜗基底膜铺片和透射电镜的形态学改变.结果 实验组术后第3天ABR波形消失,术后第9天无恢复;对照组术后第3天8只动物ABR波形消失,术后第6天和第9天全部动物引出ABR波形,平均阈值分别为62.50±5.25、47.50±6.18dB SPL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).随着GLAST抗体灌注后时间延长,实验组内、外毛细胞及纤毛出现不同程度缺失,透射电镜显示内、外毛细胞及神经末梢胞浆、线粒体空化,细胞核染色质边集等凋亡早期征象.对照组的损伤较轻,与ABR阈值改变相一致.结论 耳蜗内GLAST抗体灌注后出现耳蜗毛细胞、神经末梢的损伤及ABR波形消失,提示GLAST抗体阻断耳蜗Corti器中的GLAST,导致谷氨酸的神经毒性表达.     

Histaminergic and dopaminergic traits in the human carotid body

Carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors are the main sensors detecting systemic hypoxia. Studies in animals revealed that dopamine and histamine may serve as transmitters between the chemoreceptor cells and the afferent nerve. To gain insight whether histamine and dopamine could play a role in the human CB and thus be important for the understanding of breathing disorders, we have investigated the chemosensory traits in human CBs from nine subjects of different ages obtained at autopsy. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of histidine decarboxylase, vesicular monoamine transporter 2, histamine receptors 1 and 3 in virtually all chemosensory cells within the glomeruli of different ages. By contrast, catecholaminergic traits (tyrosine hydroxylase and vesicular monoamine transporter 1) were only detected in a subset of CB chemosensory cells at each age group while dopamine D2 receptors were expressed in the great majority of them. Our data suggest that histamine along with catecholamines may serve as transmitters between chemoreceptor cells and the afferent nerve in humans as well.     

Roles of sulfonylurea receptor 1 and multidrug resistance protein 1 in modulating insulin secretion in human insulinoma

BACKGROUND:Sulfonylurea receptor 1(SUR1)and multidrug resistance protein 1(MRP1)are two prominent members of multidrug resistance proteins associated with insulin secretion. The aims of this study were to investigate their expression in insulinomas and their sole and synergistic effects in modulating abnormal insulin secretion. METHODS:Fasting glucose,insulin and C-peptide were measured in 11 insulinoma patients and 11 healthy controls. Prolonged oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in 6 insulinoma p...     

人肝细胞癌组织CD54表达与HLA—ABC,ALT和AST的相关性研究

目的：探讨ＣＤ５４在肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）组织中的表达及其在抗肿瘤免疫中的意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学（ＡＰＡ法）技术，对４８例肝细胞癌组织的ＣＤ５４，ＨＬＡ－ＡＢＣ的表达进行检测，并分析二者之间及ＣＤ５４与血清转氨酶（ＡＬＴ和ＡＳＴ）之间的相关性。     

Monocarboxylate Transporters 1 and 4 Are Associated with CD147 in Cervical Carcinoma

Due to the highly glycolytic metabolism of solid tumours, there is an increased acid production, however, cells are able to maintain physiological pH through plasma membrane efflux of the accumulating protons. Acid efflux through MCTs (monocarboxylate transporters) constitutes one of the most important mechanisms involved in tumour intracellular pH maintenance. Still, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these proteins are not fully understood. We aimed to evaluate the association between CD147 (MCT1 and MCT4 chaperone) and MCT expression in cervical cancer lesions and the clinico-pathological significance of CD147 expression, alone and in combination with MCTs. The series included 83 biopsy samples of precursor lesions and surgical specimens of 126 invasive carcinomas. Analysis of CD147 expression was performed by immunohistochemistry. CD147 expression was higher in squamous and adenocarcinoma tissues than in the non-neoplastic counterparts and, importantly, both MCT1 and MCT4 were more frequently expressed in CD147 positive cases. Additionally, co-expression of CD147 with MCT1 was associated with lymph-node and/or distant metastases in adenocarcinomas. Our results show a close association between CD147 and MCT1 and MCT4 expressions in human cervical cancer and provided evidence for a prognostic value of CD147 and MCT1 co-expression.